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| Web Pages |
| Female Circumcision Comes to America |
| by Linda Burstyn - Atlantic Monthly, Oct 1995 - Performed by new immigrants, veiled in deference to a cultural tradition of the developing world, female circumcision is becoming an American problem. |
| Epidemiology Of Female Sexual Castration In Cairo, Egypt |
| In 1985, a group of 350 urban Egyptian women were selected to self-report on their recall of their female sexual castration (FSC) which they experienced as children. |
| Erroneous Belief Systems Underlying Female Genital Mutilation |
| by Hanny LightfootKlein - I first became aware of the existence of what at that time was still euphemistically called "female circumcision" in 1979. |
| Mutilated Humanity |
| by Ashley Montagu - The story of bodily mutilations would occupy a large volume in the story of humankind, and few would be more strange and interesting than those relating to male and female circumcision. |
| Female Genital Mutilation: Strategies For Eradication |
| by Fran P. Hosken - Female genital mutilation - the descriptive term for the different types of operations are "excision" and "infibulation" - continues to be practiced in large regions of Africa, from the Red Sea Coast to the shores of the Atlantic. In Indonesia and Malaysia, less drastic forms of "female circumcision" are practiced by some of the Moslem populations of this region and sporadic occurrences have been registered among other mainly Moslem groups. |
| Genital Mutilation & The United Nations: Male And Female Circumcision, Human Rights, & The Restoration Of Spiritual Integrity & Freedom |
| by Anastasios Zavales - The world community is increasingly educated on crimes against humanity, in particular, about individuals practicing genital mutilation, commonly termed circumcision. Genital mutilation affects more than 2 million girlchild victims and more than 13.5 million boychild victims annually throughout the world. |
| The Rite of Female Circumcision |
| Ethnic NewsWatch - "No one should live in fear of having parts of her genitals sliced off against her will." |
| Female Circumcision: Clitorectomy and Infibulations |
| Offers a selection of articles. |
| Female Genital Mutilation (Female Circumcision) |
| by ReligiousTolerance.org |
| Comparisons Between Male Circumcision and Female "Circumcision" |
| Rising Daughters Aware |
| Islam and Female Circumcision |
| by Imad-ad-Dean Ahmad, Ph.D. - Minaret of Freedom Institute |
| Global Women Intact |
| Specializing in female circumcision, genital mutilation, and alternative ritual of passage information. |
| Female Circumcision Issues Page |
| The World Health Organization had a conference in February 1979 in Khartoum, Sudan, and unanimously condemned the mutilations as disastrous to womens health and as indefensible on medical as well as humane grounds. In the United States, Rep. Pat Schroeder has written a bill to prohibit female genital mutilation (FGM), H.R. 3247. |
| Kenyan Woman Forcibly Circumcised |
| African Eye News Service 07 Dec 2001 |
| The Miserable Tradition Of Female Circumcision |
| By Deborah Horan - Sep 28, 1997 - Inter Press Service - When Shaima Mahmoud was nine years old, her mother called the village midwife to the house to perform a female rite of passage that has been practiced among women in her Egyptian village for as long as anyone can remember. |
| First lady celebrates African village that ended female circumcision |
| News Star Online - Apr 2, 1998 - Hillary Rodham Clinton, meeting with villagers who have ended the practice of female circumcision in their community, praised the village for having started "a great movement." |
| How is Female Circumcision Trivialized? |
| "In the same manner as male circumcision, of course!" - Read an extensive list of medical and lay comments about female circumcision. |
| New Ritual Is Alternative To Female Circumcision |
| by Dr. Cesar Chelala - Sep 16, 1998 - San Francisco Chronicle - A NEW APPROACH to dealing with female genital mutilation... offers hope for eliminating a practice that has caused women around the world considerable suffering. |
| Male and Female Circumcision - Related Pages |
| Anatomy and Function - Commentary - Ethics, Law, Human Rights - Religion - Science and Sociology - Statistics |
| Articles about Female Circumcision |
| Historical articles in U.S. medicine. |
| Female Circumcision: Indications and a New Technique |
| This 1959 medical journal article reveals how American medicine condoned female circumcision with arguments similar to those still used today to justify male circumcision. We offer this article for historical reference only, as well as to emphasize these similarities and expose medical arrogance. |
| Knuckleheaded Islamic Thought: Female Circumcision |
| An angry commentary. |
| Common Denominators Between Male and Female Circumcision |
| Lists similarities between male and female circumcision. |
| Welcome to Womanhood |
| A video about female circumcision and the effort to stop the practice. - 14 minutes, Grades 10-Adult, Directed by Charlotte Metcalf, Produced by TVE and BBC, 1998, VHS ISBN: 1-56029-755-7 |
| A Centuries-Old Practice, A Deadly Tradition |
| FGM and Religion: A False Connection -- FGM, or female circumcision as it is also — but incorrectly — known, is practiced by Muslims, Christians, animists, and nonbelievers in a range of communities, often under the mistaken belief that it is a religious dictate. - U.S. Fund for UNICEF 1998 |
| Female Genital Mutilation - A Human Rights Information Pack (1998) |
| from Amnesty International |
| Female Circumcision for Religious and Ritual Purposes |
| Definition and brief analysis of female circumcision. |
| Senegal bans female circumcision |
| BBC News Online - Dec 23, 1998 - Senegal has banned female circumcision on cultural or religious grounds. Anybody found practising circumcision on girls now faces up to five years in prison. |